Cryptocurrency under Indonesian Law
Cryptocurrency berdasarkan Hukum Indonesia
What is Crytocurrency?
Firstly, a cryptocurrency is still a term which is not commonly known in Indonesia, however Cryptocurrency can be defined as digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security[1].
A Cryptocurrency can be differentiate with its specific characteristics such as (a) digital bearer assets, (b) integrated payment network and (c) non-monetary use cases.
The most known cryptocurrency and used (also most valuable) is Bitcoin. You can search more for what is cryptocurrency should you require more information on it.
[1] Investopedia, Cryptocurrency, Accessed on 04 July 2019.
Apa itu Cryptocurrency?
Pertama-tama, definisi dari cryptocurrency saat ini bukanlah definisi yang dikenal secara umum di Indonesia, namun, cryptocurrency dapat didefiniskan sebagai suatu mata uang virtual yang menggunakan cryptography sebagai bentuk keamanan [1].
Cryptocurrency dapat dibedakan dalam beberapa jenis karakter spesifiknya contohnya (a) digital bearer assets, (b) integrated payment network dan (c) non-monetary use cases.
Cryptocurrency yang paling dikenal dan digunakan (dan juga bernilai) saat ini adalah Bitcoin. Kalian dapat mencari lebih lanjut mengenai apa itu cryptocurrency apabila kalian membutuhkan informasi mengenai hal tersebut.
Do Cryptocurrency terms known under Indonesian Law?
To date, there is no exact definition of cryptocurrency in Indonesia framework Regulation, however several of the regulation have recognized the existence of the cryptocurrency:
- The elucidation of article 34 of Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 18/40/PBI/2016 on organization of Payment Transaction Processing (“PBI 18/2016”) defines a virtual currency” as any form of digital money which is issued by a non-monetary authority and which can be secured through the following process: mining, purchasing, rewarding. These virtual currencies include such players as Bitcoin, BlackCoin, Das, Namecoin, Nxt, Peercoin, Primecoin, Ripple and Ven.
- the Commodities Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (“Bappebti”) Regulation No. 5 of 2019 on Technical Provisions on the Organization of Physical Markets for Crypto Assets at the Futures Exchange (“Bappebti Regulation 5/2019”) recognized a crypto asset definition as an intangible assets in the form of digital assets, using cryptography, peer-to-peer networks, and distributed ledgers, to regulate the creation of new units, verify transactions, and secure transactions without the interference of others.
Apakah definisi cryptocurrency dikenal di Hukum Indonesia?
Sampai saat ini, tidak terdapat suatu definisi jelas dari cryptocurrency di peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, namun beberapa dari peraturan telah mengenal keberadaan dari cryptocurrency:
- Penjelasan pasal 34 Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. No. 18/40/PBI/2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pemrosesan Transaksi Pembayaran (“PBI 18/2016”) mendefinisikan “virtual currency” sebagai uang digital yang diterbitkan oleh pihak selain otoritas moneter yang diperoleh dengan cara mining, pembelian, atau transfer pemberian (reward) antara lain Bitcoin, BlackCoin, Dash, Dogecoin, Litecoin, Namecoin, Nxt, Peercoin, Primecoin, Ripple, dan Ven.
- Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi (“Bappebti”) Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset) Di Bursa Berjangka (“Bappebti Regulation 5/2019”) mengenal suatu aset kripto sebagai Komoditi tidak berwujud yang berbentuk digital aset, menggunakan kriptografi, jaringan peer-to-peer, dan buku besar yang terdistribusi, untuk mengatur penciptaan unit baru, memverifikasi transaksi, dan mengamankan transaksi tanpa campur tangan pihak lain
| Do Cryptocurrency is recognized as money under Indonesian Law? |
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Law No. 7 of 2011 on currency (“Currency Law”) stipulates that the only official national currency of Indonesia is Rupiah, where the value of Rupiah is determined by the Bank of Indonesia. To date, the valuation of Cryptocurrencies in Indonesia are not determined by Bank Indonesia. |
| Apakah Cryptocurrency dikenal sebagai uang di hukum Indonesia ? |
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Undang-undang No. 7 tahun 2011 tentang Manta Uang (“UU Mata Uang”) menjelaskan bahwa mata uang nasional di Indonesia hanyalah Rupiah, yang mana nilai dari Rupiah ditentukan oleh Bank Indonesia. Sampai saat ini, valuasi dari cryptocurrency di Indonesia tidak ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia. |
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Do Cryptocurrency recognized as payment instrument under Indonesian Law?
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Article 34 (a) of PBI 18/2016 expressly prohibits organizers of payment-transaction processing in Indonesia to process payment transactions through the use of virtual currencies. The official Frequently Asked Question (“FAQ”) of PBI 18/2016, as issued by BI. In this official release, BI expressly declares that cryptocurrencies and virtual currencies are not to be treated as legitimate forms of currency or as payment instruments. In addition, Article 8 of PBI 19/2017, a technology financial organizer is prohibited to conduct payment system activities by using virtual currency. |
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Apakah Cryptocurrency dikenal sebagai instrument pembayaran berdasarkan Hukum Indonesia? |
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Pasal 34 (a) dari PBI 18/2016 secara jelas melarang penyelenggara transaksi proses pembayaran untuk memproses transaksi pembayaran menggunakan mata uang virtual. Dalam pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan (“FAQ”) resmi dari PBI 18/2016, yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Indonesia, Bank Ineonsia secara jelas menyatakan bahwa cryptocurrency dan mata uang virtual tidak dapat dianggap sebagai bentuk pembayaran yang sah secara mata uang maupun secara instrument pembayaran. Selain dari itu, Pasal 8 dari PBI 19/2017, menyatakan bahwa suatu Penyelenggara Teknologi Finansial dilarang melakukan kegiatan sistem pembayaran dengan menggunakan virtual currency. |
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Do Cryptocurrency recognized as Electronic Money under Indonesian Law? |
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Electronic Money or we usually called it as e-money are already regulated under Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 20/6/PBI/2018 (“PBI 20/2018”) The PBI 20/2018 describes electronic money as a medium of exchange which has the following characteristics:
1. be issued based on the value of money which has been deposited in advance at issuers; 2. the value of money are stored electronically in a server- or chip-based storage media; and 3. the value of electronic money managed by issuers does not count as bank savings as referred to in the Law which regulate banking.
Based on the abovementioned definition and characteristics, cryptocurrencies cannot be classified as electronic money, because cryptocurrencies are not issued based on value of money which deposited in advance at issuers. In addition, the elucidation of art 34 (a) expressly stated that electronic money is not classified as virtual currency. |
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Apakah cryptocurrency dikenal sebagai uang elekrtronik berdasarkan Hukum Indonesia? |
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Uang elektronik atau seringkali kita menyebutnya sebagai e money, sudah diatur berdasarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 20/6/PBI/2018 (“PBI 20/2018”) PBI 20/2018 menjelaskan bahwa Uang Elektronik adalah instrumen pembayaran yang memenuhi unsur sebagai berikut: 1. diterbitkan atas dasar nilai uang yang disetor; 2. terlebih dahulu kepada penerbit; nilai uang disimpan secara elektronik dalam suatu media server atau chip; dan 3. nilai uang elektronik yang dikelola oleh penerbit bukan merupakan simpanan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang yang mengatur mengenai perbankan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas dan karakteristiknya, cryptocurrency tidak dapat di kategorikan sebagai uang elektronik, karena cryptocurrency tidak diterbitkan berdasakarn suatu valuasi uang yang disimpan di depan di penerbit. Sebagai tambahan, penjelasan dari pasal 34 (a) dari PBI 18/2016 secara jelas bahwa virtual currency tidak termasuk dalam pengertian uang elektronik. |
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Can Cryptocurrency be traded in Indonesia?
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Since the issuance of the Ministry of Trade regulation No 99 of 2018, the crypto assets trade in Indonesia is permitted and with the recent issuance of the Bappebti 5/2019 it further detailed the regulatory framework in the trade of the crypto assets. So , yes it can (through legal measures).
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Apakah Cryptocurrency dapat di jualbelikan di Indonesia? |
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Sejak dikeluarkannya Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No. 99 tahun 2019, perdagangan aset kripto di Indonesia diperbolehkan dan dengan telah diterbitkannya Bappebti 5/2019, peraturan ini lebih lanjut menjelaskan framework dari penjualbelian dari aset kripto. Jadi, ya bisa dijualbelikan (dengan jalur mematuhi hukum). |
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Do Cryptocurrency be treated as an Assets under Indonesian Law? |
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[will be further elaborated] |
