Indonesia's Marine & Fisheries Regulatory Framework
An interactive guide to Government Regulation No. 28 of 2025 (PP 28/2025), which introduces a centralized, risk-based approach to business licensing.
Centralized Licensing
All permits are processed exclusively through the central Online Single Submission (OSS) system.
Risk-Based Approach
Licensing requirements are tiered based on 4 risk levels: Low, Medium-Low, Medium-High, and High.
Digital Supervision
The OSS system creates a permanent digital compliance record for continuous monitoring.
Strict Sanctions
A detailed administrative sanctioning regime with significant financial penalties for non-compliance.
Executive Summary & Key Principles
This section provides an overview of the regulation's core principles. PP 28/2025 is the primary implementing regulation for the economic reforms of the "UU Cipta Kerja" (Job Creation Law). Its main goal is to streamline investment by creating a predictable, efficient, and unified licensing system. However, this simplification for investors is balanced by a robust, digitized compliance and enforcement architecture.
The regulation establishes the absolute supremacy of the central government and the OSS system. Pasal 6 explicitly forbids any regional authority from issuing business licensing requirements outside this framework. This profound centralization aims to eliminate conflicting local regulations but also concentrates systemic risk on the OSS platform's performance. For business actors, this means compliance is no longer a fragmented, regional affair but a continuous, digitally-tracked performance record managed at the national level.
The Licensing Pathway
Follow this step-by-step interactive guide to understand the entire licensing process, from establishing your company to obtaining your final operational permit.
Process Flow
Click a step to see details
The panel will show detailed information about each stage of the licensing process, including key activities and legal references.
Risk Levels & KBLI Requirements
Business activities are classified into four risk tiers. Select a risk level to see the corresponding license and key obligations.
Administrative Sanctions Regime
PP 28/2025 introduces a powerful administrative sanctioning system. Violations can lead to significant financial penalties and license revocation.
Administrative Fines by Violation
Enforcement Shift
The regulation prioritizes swift administrative sanctions (fines, suspension) over slower criminal proceedings, increasing the immediate financial risk for non-compliance.
Foreign Investment (PMA) Guide
Key considerations for foreign investors establishing a PT PMA company in Indonesia's marine and fisheries sector.
General Principle: Openness
Most marine and fisheries sectors are now open to **100% foreign ownership**, replacing the old Negative Investment List (DNI).
Minimum Investment
A mandatory minimum investment of over **IDR 10 billion** (approx. USD 650k) is required per KBLI code, per project location (excluding land & buildings).
Ownership Status by Sub-Sector
| Sub-Sector | Foreign Ownership | Key Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Capture Fisheries | Open (100%) | Min. investment applies. Foreign-flagged vessels restricted to ZEEI. |
| Aquaculture | Open (100%) | Min. investment applies. Must follow Good Aquaculture Practices (CBIB). |
| Fish Processing | Open (100%) | Min. investment applies. Must be in an industrial estate (with exceptions). |
| Marketing & Trade | Open (100%) | Min. investment applies for large-scale operations. Small-scale trade reserved for locals. |