Indonesian Civil Procedural Law

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Indonesian Civil Procedural Law

Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia

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What is the Civil Procedure Law?

Civil Procedural Law is a law stipulating on how a civil procedural proceeding be conducted. In short the civil procedural law stipulating on how the proceeding works and how to submit lawsuits and other matters under the civil law.

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Hukum Acara Perdata adalah hukum yang mengatur bagaimana ditegakkannya hukum perdata materiil. Secara singkat hukum acara perdata mengatur bagaimana cara berperkara di pengadilan, bagaimana cara mengajukan gugatan dan lain sebagainya di dalam hukum perdata.

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Source of Civil Procedural Law

Based on Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 19 of 1964 (“SEMA RI No. 19/1964”) and Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 3 of 1965 (“SEMA RI No. 3/1965”) regarding the validity of HIR and RBg as Indonesian Civil Procedure Laws states that Civil Procedure Law in Indonesia is divided under 2 (two) regulations, which are Het Herziene Indlandsch Reglement (“HIR” – Stb. 1941 No. 44) which prevails in Java and Madura and Rechtsreglement Buitengewsten (“RBg”), Stb. 1927 No. 227, which prevails in any other islands within Indonesia (outside Java and Madura). But nowadays, such “localization” is not implemented anymore, meaning that the same Civil Procedure Law is implemented throughout Indonesia. Further the applicability of the said regulation have been stipulated implicitly under the transition provision of the 1945 constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Sumber Hukum Acara Perdata

Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung RI No. 19 tahun 1964 (“SEMA RI No. 19/1964”) dan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung RI No. 3 tahun 1965 (“SEMA RI No. 3/1965”) mengenai keabsahan HIR dan RBg sebagai Hukum Acara Perdata di Indonesia yang mana dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) peraturan, yaitu Het Herziene Indlandsch Reglement (“HIR” – Stb No 44 of 1941) yang berlaku di Jawa dan Madura dan Rechtsreglement Buitengewsten (“RBg” – Stb. 1927 No. 227) yang berlaku di daerah lain (diluar Jawa dan Madura). Namun saat ini, suatu “lokalisasi” tersebut tidak diberlakukan lagi, yang berarti bahwa suatu Hukum Acara Perdata diberlakukan di seluruh Indonesia. Lebih lanjut lagi pemberlakuan dari peraturan tersebut telah secara implisit ditetapkan dalam ketentuan peralihan dari UUD 1945 Republik Indonesia

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Note that, there is another law which also regulated the civil procedure law in Indonesia which is Reglemen op de Burgelijke Rechtvordering (“Rv” – Stb. 1847 No. 52 and Stb. 1849 No. 63). This law only prevails upon European citizen in Indonesia and this law is no longer prevailed.

Perlu dicatat bahwa, terdapat peraturan lain yang mana mengatur mengenai hukum acara perdata di Indonesia yaitu Reglemen op de Burgelijke Rechtvordering (“Rv” – Stb. 1847 No. 52 and Stb. 1849 No. 63). Hukum ini hanya berlaku untuk golongan warga eropa di Indonesia dan hukum ini sudah tidak berlaku.

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Lawsuit in Indonesia Civil Law

a. Petition (Voluntair/Voluntary Claim)

Petition is a civil law issues which is submitted on behalf of one party and involving only such one party to a legal matter. Such petition is submitted to the Chairman of the District Court in form of petition that has been signed by the petitioner or his/her proxy. The characteristic of this lawsuit are:

a. Permohonan (Voluntair (Sepihak))

Permohonan adalah suatu permasalahan dalam hukum perdata yang mata diajukan oleh satu pihak dan hanya melibatkan satu pihak tersebut atas suatu permasalahan hukum. Permohonan tersebut diajukan kepada Ketua Pengadilan Negeri dalam suatu format permohonan yang mana ditandatangani oleh pemohon atau kuasanya. Karakteristik dari permohonan ini adalah:

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1. For the benefit of one party only

Purely to solve the petitioner legal matters with regards to a civil issue which require a legal certainty ; and

The matters do not have any connection with other party rights and interest.

1. Untung kepentingan sepihak semata

Murni untuk menyelesaikan kepentingan pemohon mengenai suatu permasalahan perdata yang memerlukan kepastian hukum; and

Permasalahan tersebut tidak memiliki hubungan dengan hak dan kewajiban pihak lain.

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2. The said issue having no disputes or differences with another party;

3. There is no involvement of the third party.

2. Permasalahannya tidak memiliki sengketa atau perbedaan dengan pihak lain;

3. Tidak ada campur tangan dari pihak ketiga,

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Based on the above mentioned, Petition is consisted of one person only, which means there is no other party who is involved to the case. According to that matter, the claim of Petition must not violate the rights of other people (third party), such claim contains the following circumstances:

Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, suatu Permohonan hanya terdiri dari satu pihak (orang – Pemohon) yang mana tidak ada pihak lain yang terlibat terhadap perkara atau permasalahan tersebut. Merujuk terhadap hal tersebut, klaim dari permohonan tersebut tidak boleh melanggar hak-hak pihak lain (pihak ketiga), dan klaim tersebut harus mencakup hal-hal sebagai berikut:

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The petition is a declarative claim;

The petition shall not involve other party besides the petitioner;

The petition shall not contain condemnatoir request (punishable request);

Permohonan bersifat deklaratif;

Permohonan tidak dapat melibatkan pihak lain kecuali pemohon;

Permohonan tidak boleh meminta sesuatu hal untuk menghukum (condemnatoir – permintaan penghukuman);

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The petition shall detailed issues from the request specifically regarding the issues which will be requested to the Court; and

The petition shall not stipulate ex aequo et bono.

Permohonan harus merinci hal-hal dari permintaan secara spesifik mengenai hal-hal yang akan dimintakan kepada Pengadilan; dan

Permohonan tidak boleh memintakan atau menyatakan ex aeque et bono (permintaan keadilan).

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Furthermore, since there is only one party who is involved with the lawsuit, the Court will only examine one party (the petitioner).

The process of the proceeding of the voluntair petition in principle is simple, as follows:
• Hearing the petitioner or his/her proxy with regards to the petition;

• Examine the evidences (e.g. deed, letter, witness(es), etc) which are submitted by the petitioner;

• There is no reply to the response (replik), rebuttal (duplik) and written conclusion (kesimpulan) which usually occur on Lawsuit.

Selanjutnya, dikarenakan hanya ada satu pihak yang terlibat dengan perkara tersebut, Pengadilan hanya akan memeriksa satu pahik (Pemohon).

Proses persidangan dari permohonan voluntair pada prinsipnya adalah sederhana sebagai berikut:
• Mendengar keterangan pemohon atau kuasanya sehubungan dengan permohonan;

• Memeriksa bukti-bukti (contoh, akta, surat, saksi(-saksi), dll) yang mana diajukan oleh pemohon;

• Tidak ada replik, duplik dan kesimpulan yang biasanya terdapat dalam suatu perkara persidangan.

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After examining the case, the Judge issues its stipulation, in which such stipulation contains the consideration of the Judge. This stipulation is in the form of decree (beschikking/penetapan) dan bersifat deklarator.

Setelah memeriksa perkara tersebut, Hakim akan menerbitkan penetapan, yang mana dalam penetapan tersebut mencakup pertimbangan dari Hakim. Penetapan ini dalam bentuk (beschiking/penetapan) having nature of declaration (declaratoir).

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Note that under the stipulation the principle of Ne Bis In Idem is not implemented.

Perlu dicatat bahwa pada penetapan tidak melekat asas Ne bis in Idem.

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